International Law Notes – Complete Unit-Wise Study Material
International Law Notes for 3-Year LL.B. & 5-Year B.A. LL.B.
Welcome to the International Law Notes section of AspirixWriters. This comprehensive study resource covers the major concepts, principles, doctrines, treaties, institutions, cases and contemporary developments generally studied under Public International Law in Indian LL.B. and integrated B.A. LL.B. programmes.
The notes are organized unit-wise and topic-wise to help law students understand International Law in a simple, structured and examination-oriented manner.
Whether you are preparing for a university examination, class test, assignment, viva, research paper or competitive examination, this section provides a structured roadmap for studying International Law.
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Important: Universities may prescribe different unit structures and may include additional or fewer topics. Always compare these notes with your university’s latest syllabus and prescribed readings.
What Is International Law?
International Law is the body of rules and principles governing legal relations among States and other entities recognized under the international legal system.
It regulates matters such as State sovereignty, international treaties, diplomatic relations, jurisdiction, State responsibility, international organizations, human rights, armed conflicts, international trade, the law of the sea and peaceful settlement of international disputes.
Modern International Law has developed beyond traditional relations between States and increasingly addresses individuals, international organizations, human rights, environmental protection, international criminal responsibility and other global issues.
Complete International Law Notes – Units & Topics
Unit 1: Foundations of International Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning, Definitions, Nature, Scope and Importance of International Law
- Meaning and definitions by jurists
- Nature and characteristics
- Scope
- Importance
- Public International Law and Private International Law
- Basis, Binding Force and Sanctions of International Law
- Basis of International Law
- Theories of binding force
- Natural Law and Positivism
- Consent/Voluntarist theories
- Pacta sunt servanda
- Sanctions and enforcement
- Retorsion and countermeasures
- UN enforcement
- Is International Law really law?
- Historical development of International Law
- Ancient and medieval development
- Contribution of Hugo Grotius
- Development after the Peace of Westphalia
- Development of International Law after the First World War
- League of Nations
- Development after the Second World War
- United Nations and modern International Law
- Codification of International Law
- Progressive development of International Law
- International Law Commission
- Contemporary developments in International Law
- Sources of International Law — Basic Introduction
- Meaning of sources
- Article 38 ICJ Statute
- Treaties
- Custom
- General principles
- Judicial decisions
- Juristic writings
- Ex aequo et bono
- International Law & Municipal Law
- Meaning of municipal law
- Relationship between International and municipal law
- Monism
- Dualism
- Transformation
- Incorporation/adoption
- Conflict between international and domestic law
- Position in India
- Relevant constitutional provisions and Indian judicial decisions
- Subjects of International Law
- Meaning of international legal personality
- States
- International organizations
- Individuals
- Non-State entities
- Holy See
- Micro States
- International legal personality
- Statehood, Sovereignty & Special International Statuses
- Definition and elements of State
- Population
- Territory
- Government
- Sovereignty
- Internal and external sovereignty
- Sovereign equality
- Micro States
- Condominium
- Protectorate
- Vassal State
- Commonwealth
- Holy See and other special statuses
- Codification & Progressive Development of International Law
- Meaning of codification
- Meaning of progressive development
- Difference between the two
- International Law Commission
- UN role
- Major codification efforts
- Draft conventions and articles
- Importance and limitations
UNIT 2 — SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Unit 2 should provide the detailed treatment of the sources introduced in Unit 1.
1. Article 38 of the ICJ Statute
- Text and structure of Article 38
- Conventions
- Custom
- General principles
- Judicial decisions
- Juristic writings
- Article 38(2)
- Ex aequo et bono
- Is Article 38 exhaustive?
- Relationship among different sources
2. International Treaties as a Source of International Law
- Meaning and definition of treaty
- Types of treaties
- Bilateral and multilateral treaties
- Treaty-making process
- Consent to be bound
- Ratification
- Reservations
- Entry into force
- Interpretation
- Pacta sunt servanda
- Invalidity
- Termination
- Suspension
- Material breach
- Fundamental change of circumstances
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969
3. Customary International Law
- Meaning of custom
- State practice
- Generality of practice
- Consistency
- Duration
- Opinio juris
- Two-element approach
- Persistent objector
- Regional/local custom
- Particular customary International Law
- Treaty and custom relationship
- ILC 2018 Conclusions
- Important ICJ decisions
4. General Principles of Law
- Meaning
- Article 38(1)(c)
- Purpose and function
- Principles common to legal systems
- Principles applicable within the international legal system
- Examples recognized in international jurisprudence
- Relationship with treaties and custom
- Contemporary understanding
5. Judicial Decisions & Juristic Writings
- Article 38(1)(d)
- Judicial decisions as subsidiary means
- Article 59 ICJ Statute
- ICJ judgments
- Advisory opinions
- Decisions of other international tribunals
- National court decisions
- Juristic writings
- Role and limitations
- Leading cases and scholarly authorities
6. Resolutions of International Organizations & Other Relevant Materials
- UN General Assembly resolutions
- UN Security Council resolutions
- Legal significance of resolutions
- Resolutions as evidence of opinio juris
- Institutional practice
- Unilateral declarations/acts of States
- Soft law
- Diplomatic statements
- International conference materials
- Distinction between legal relevance and binding force
7. Jus Cogens, Obligations Erga Omnes & Related Concepts
- Meaning of jus cogens
- Vienna Convention Article 53
- Peremptory norms
- Article 64
- Identification of jus cogens
- ILC 2022 Conclusions
- Obligations erga omnes
- Relationship between jus cogens and erga omnes
- Treaty conflict with jus cogens
- Consequences of violation
8. Relationship, Conflict & Development of Sources
- Treaty vs custom
- Custom and treaty interaction
- General principles
- Judicial interpretation
- Hierarchy and non-hierarchy of sources
- Jus cogens and conflicting rules
- Evidence vs source
- Evolution of sources
- Contemporary developments
Unit 2: Sources of International Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning of sources of International Law
- Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice
- International conventions and treaties
- International custom
- State practice
- Opinio juris
- General principles of law
- Judicial decisions
- Writings of jurists
- Subsidiary means for determining rules of law
- General and particular customs
- Persistent Objector principle
- Unilateral acts of States
- Resolutions of international organizations
- Soft law
- Jus cogens
- Erga omnes obligations
- Relationship between different sources
Unit 3: International Law and Municipal Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning of Municipal Law
- Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law
- Monistic theory
- Dualistic theory
- Transformation theory
- Incorporation theory
- Harmonization approaches
- Supremacy and application of international obligations
- International treaties and domestic law
- International Law under the Constitution of India
- Article 51
- Article 253
- Treaty-making power of the Union
- Implementation of international treaties in India
- Role of Parliament
- Role of Indian courts
- Important Indian judicial decisions
Unit 4: Subjects of International Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning of subjects of International Law
- International legal personality
- States as subjects
- Individuals as subjects
- International organizations
- Legal personality of international organizations
- Non-State actors
- National liberation movements
- Peoples under the principle of self-determination
- Corporations and other international participants
- Rights and duties of subjects of International Law
Unit 5: Statehood and Recognition
Topics Covered
- Meaning of State
- Essential elements of a State
- Permanent population
- Defined territory
- Government
- Capacity to enter into international relations
- Montevideo criteria
- Recognition of States
- Recognition of governments
- Express recognition
- Implied recognition
- De facto recognition
- De jure recognition
- Constitutive theory
- Declaratory theory
- Legal effects of recognition
- Recognition of belligerency
- Withdrawal of recognition
- Micro-States
- Protectorates
- Special international entities
Unit 6: State Succession
Topics Covered
- Meaning and definition of State succession
- Types of State succession
- Transfer of territory
- Secession
- Separation
- Dissolution
- Unification
- Succession to treaties
- Succession to State property
- Succession to State archives
- Succession to State debts
- Succession to nationality
- Rights and obligations of successor States
- Contemporary issues concerning State succession
Unit 7: State Responsibility
Topics Covered
- Meaning of State responsibility
- Internationally wrongful acts
- Elements of State responsibility
- Attribution of conduct to a State
- Conduct of State organs
- Breach of an international obligation
- Circumstances precluding wrongfulness
- Consent
- Self-defence
- Countermeasures
- Force majeure
- Distress
- Necessity
- Consequences of internationally wrongful acts
- Cessation
- Reparation
- Restitution
- Compensation
- Satisfaction
- State responsibility for transboundary harm
Unit 8: Intervention and Use of Force
Topics Covered
- Meaning of intervention
- Principle of non-intervention
- Intervention in domestic affairs
- Prohibition of the use of force
- Threat of force
- Sovereignty and use of force
- Self-defence
- Collective self-defence
- United Nations Charter framework
- Security Council authorization
- Humanitarian intervention
- Responsibility to Protect
- Contemporary debates on intervention and use of force
Unit 9: State Territory and Territorial Sovereignty
Topics Covered
- Meaning of State territory
- Territorial sovereignty
- Territorial integrity
- Acquisition of territory
- Occupation
- Accretion
- Cession
- Prescription
- Conquest and modern International Law
- Loss of territory
- Boundary disputes
- Territorial disputes
- International rivers
- River navigation
- Landlocked States
- Rights of landlocked States
- Self-determination and territory
- Important territorial dispute cases
Unit 10: State Jurisdiction and Immunities
Topics Covered
- Meaning of jurisdiction
- Territorial jurisdiction
- Nationality principle
- Passive personality principle
- Protective principle
- Universal jurisdiction
- Extraterritorial jurisdiction
- Criminal jurisdiction
- Civil jurisdiction
- Limitations on State jurisdiction
- Jurisdiction over foreign States
- State immunity
- Absolute immunity
- Restrictive immunity
- Sovereign and commercial acts
- Immunity of State property
- Important jurisdiction cases
Unit 11: Nationality, Statelessness and Treatment of Aliens
Topics Covered
- Meaning of nationality
- Nationality in International Law
- Acquisition of nationality
- Nationality by birth
- Nationality by descent
- Naturalization
- Registration
- Loss of nationality
- Deprivation of nationality
- Dual nationality
- Multiple nationality
- Statelessness
- Causes of statelessness
- Protection of stateless persons
- Right to nationality
- Treatment of aliens
- Minimum international standards
- Diplomatic protection
Unit 12: Extradition, Asylum and Refugee Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning of extradition
- Extradition and International Law
- Principles of extradition
- Double criminality
- Rule of specialty
- Political offence exception
- Extradition of nationals
- Extradition treaties
- Extradition and human rights
- Extradition vs deportation
- Meaning of asylum
- Territorial asylum
- Diplomatic asylum
- Right of asylum
- Refugees and international protection
- Principle of non-refoulement
- International refugee law
Unit 13: Diplomatic and Consular Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning of diplomatic relations
- Establishment of diplomatic relations
- Diplomatic missions
- Diplomatic agents
- Functions of diplomatic agents
- Classes of diplomatic agents
- Diplomatic privileges and immunities
- Personal inviolability
- Immunity from jurisdiction
- Inviolability of diplomatic premises
- Diplomatic communications
- Waiver of immunity
- Termination of diplomatic functions
- Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961
- Consular relations
- Consular functions
- Consular officers
- Consular privileges and immunities
- Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963
Unit 14: Law of Treaties
Topics Covered
- Meaning and definition of treaty
- Types of treaties
- Bilateral and multilateral treaties
- Treaty-making process
- Negotiation
- Adoption
- Authentication
- Signature
- Ratification
- Accession
- Entry into force
- Reservations
- Objections to reservations
- Interpretation of treaties
- Pacta sunt servanda
- Good faith
- Invalidity of treaties
- Error
- Fraud
- Corruption
- Coercion
- Conflict with jus cogens
- Termination of treaties
- Withdrawal
- Suspension
- Material breach
- Impossibility of performance
- Fundamental change of circumstances
- Rebus sic stantibus
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969
Unit 15: Law of the Sea
Topics Covered
- Development of the Law of the Sea
- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
- Internal waters
- Territorial sea
- Baselines
- Innocent passage
- Contiguous zone
- Exclusive Economic Zone
- Continental shelf
- High seas
- Freedom of the high seas
- Flag State jurisdiction
- Piracy
- Maritime zones and coastal State rights
- Landlocked States
- International seabed area
- Common heritage of mankind
- International Seabed Authority
- Maritime boundary disputes
- International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
- Seabed disputes
- Marine environmental protection
- Important Law of the Sea cases
- Contemporary maritime issues
Unit 16: International Air Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning and development of International Air Law
- Sovereignty over airspace
- International civil aviation
- Chicago Convention, 1944
- International Civil Aviation Organization
- Functions of ICAO
- Scheduled and non-scheduled air services
- Freedoms of the Air
- Five Freedoms of the Air
- Nationality of aircraft
- Registration of aircraft
- Aircraft jurisdiction
- Aircraft safety
- Unlawful seizure of aircraft
- Aircraft hijacking
- International aviation conventions
- Liability in international air transportation
Unit 17: International Space Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning and development of Space Law
- Legal status of outer space
- Outer Space Treaty, 1967
- Principle of non-appropriation
- Peaceful uses of outer space
- Responsibility for space activities
- Liability for damage caused by space objects
- Registration of space objects
- Rescue and return of astronauts
- Moon and other celestial bodies
- Space debris
- Satellites
- Commercial space activities
- Private space companies
- Space resources
- Contemporary challenges in Space Law
Unit 18: International Organizations
Topics Covered
- Meaning of international organizations
- Characteristics
- Classification
- Constituent instruments
- International legal personality
- Powers and functions
- Implied powers
- Privileges and immunities
- Membership
- Decision-making
- League of Nations
- United Nations
- Specialized agencies
- International Labour Organization
- World Health Organization
- World Trade Organization
- International Monetary Fund
- World Bank
- International Civil Aviation Organization
- International Atomic Energy Agency
- United Nations Environment Programme
Unit 19: United Nations
Topics Covered
- Establishment of the United Nations
- UN Charter
- Objectives of the United Nations
- Principles of the UN Charter
- Principal organs of the United Nations
- General Assembly
- Security Council
- Veto power
- Economic and Social Council
- Secretariat
- International Court of Justice
- Trusteeship Council
- Powers and functions of the General Assembly
- Powers and functions of the Security Council
- Collective security
- Peacekeeping
- Peaceful settlement
- Chapter VI of the UN Charter
- Chapter VII of the UN Charter
- Sanctions
- Enforcement measures
- Use of force
- International peace and security
- Reform of the United Nations
Unit 20: International Court of Justice
Topics Covered
- Establishment of the ICJ
- Statute of the ICJ
- Composition
- Judges
- Election of judges
- Jurisdiction
- Contentious jurisdiction
- Advisory jurisdiction
- Optional clause
- Jurisdiction based on treaties
- Provisional measures
- Written and oral proceedings
- Judgments
- Binding force
- Interpretation of judgments
- Revision
- Role of the ICJ in development of International Law
- Important ICJ decisions
Important ICJ Cases to Study
- S.S. Lotus Case
- Corfu Channel Case
- Nottebohm Case
- Asylum Case
- North Sea Continental Shelf Cases
- Barcelona Traction Case
- Nicaragua v. United States
- Fisheries Jurisdiction Cases
- LaGrand Case
- Avena Case
- Pulp Mills Case
- Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project
- Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo
Unit 21: Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes
Topics Covered
- Meaning of international disputes
- Legal and political disputes
- Principle of peaceful settlement
- Negotiation
- Good offices
- Mediation
- Inquiry
- Conciliation
- Arbitration
- Judicial settlement
- International Court of Justice
- International tribunals
- Regional mechanisms
- Role of the United Nations
- Security Council and dispute settlement
- General Assembly and dispute settlement
- Arbitration awards
Unit 22: International Human Rights Law
Topics Covered
- Development of international human rights law
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- International Bill of Human Rights
- ICCPR
- ICESCR
- Convention on the Rights of the Child
- CEDAW
- Convention Against Torture
- Human rights treaties
- UN Human Rights Council
- Treaty-monitoring bodies
- Universal human rights mechanisms
- Regional human rights systems
- Human rights and International Law
- Human rights and Indian Constitution
- Fundamental Rights
- Directive Principles
- Role of Indian courts
- International conventions and Indian judicial interpretation
Unit 23: International Humanitarian Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning of International Humanitarian Law
- Development of IHL
- Jus in bello
- International armed conflict
- Non-international armed conflict
- Geneva Conventions, 1949
- Additional Protocols
- Protection of wounded and sick
- Prisoners of war
- Protection of civilians
- Principle of distinction
- Principle of proportionality
- Military necessity
- Principle of humanity
- Prohibited methods and means of warfare
- Protection of cultural property
- Humanitarian assistance
- War crimes
Unit 24: International Criminal Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning of International Criminal Law
- Individual criminal responsibility
- International crimes
- Genocide
- Crimes against humanity
- War crimes
- Crime of aggression
- International Criminal Court
- Rome Statute
- Jurisdiction of the ICC
- Complementarity principle
- Admissibility
- Individual responsibility
- Command responsibility
- Defences
- International criminal tribunals
- Genocide and International Law
- Contemporary international criminal justice
Unit 25: International Environmental Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning and development of International Environmental Law
- Transboundary environmental harm
- Sustainable development
- Precautionary principle
- Prevention principle
- Polluter Pays Principle
- Intergenerational equity
- Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
- Environmental impact assessment
- Climate change and International Law
- UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
- Paris Agreement
- Biological diversity
- Convention on Biological Diversity
- Ozone protection
- Marine environmental protection
- Environmental responsibility of States
- International environmental disputes
Unit 26: International Economic Law
Topics Covered
- Meaning and scope of International Economic Law
- International trade law
- World Trade Organization
- WTO agreements
- WTO dispute settlement
- Most-Favoured-Nation principle
- National Treatment principle
- Trade barriers
- International investment law
- Foreign investment
- Bilateral Investment Treaties
- Investor-State Dispute Settlement
- International financial institutions
- International Monetary Fund
- World Bank
- International economic cooperation
- New International Economic Order
- Contemporary issues in International Economic Law
Unit 27: Disarmament and Arms Control
Topics Covered
- Meaning of disarmament
- Arms control
- International peace and security
- Nuclear weapons and International Law
- Weapons of mass destruction
- Nuclear non-proliferation
- Chemical weapons
- Biological weapons
- Conventional weapons
- International arms-control agreements
- United Nations and disarmament
- Humanitarian concerns relating to weapons
Unit 28: Contemporary Developments in International Law
Topics Covered
- Globalization and International Law
- International Law and technology
- Cyber operations and International Law
- Artificial Intelligence and International Law
- Climate change
- Global health governance
- International terrorism
- Humanitarian intervention
- Responsibility to Protect
- International criminal justice
- Refugee and migration issues
- International environmental governance
- Space commercialization
- Maritime security
- International economic governance
- Emerging challenges to State sovereignty
Important International Law Doctrines and Principles
Students should pay special attention to these frequently examined concepts:
- Pacta Sunt Servanda
- Opinio Juris
- Jus Cogens
- Erga Omnes
- Persistent Objector
- Principle of State Sovereignty
- Territorial Integrity
- Self-Determination
- Non-Intervention
- Prohibition of Use of Force
- Self-Defence
- Collective Security
- Universal Jurisdiction
- Diplomatic Immunity
- State Immunity
- Non-Refoulement
- Common Heritage of Mankind
- Freedom of the High Seas
- Sustainable Development
- Precautionary Principle
- Polluter Pays Principle
- Intergenerational Equity
- Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
- Complementarity
- Rebus Sic Stantibus
Important International Law Cases
Case law is essential for understanding how international legal principles are applied.
Students should study cases according to:
Facts → Issues → Arguments → Decision → Legal Principle → Significance
Important cases include:
- S.S. Lotus Case
- S.S. Wimbledon Case
- Corfu Channel Case
- Nottebohm Case
- Asylum Case
- North Sea Continental Shelf Cases
- Barcelona Traction Case
- Nicaragua v. United States
- Fisheries Jurisdiction Cases
- LaGrand Case
- Avena Case
- Pulp Mills Case
- Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project
- Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo
- South West Africa Cases
International Law Cases in India
Students should also study important Indian decisions concerning:
- International treaties
- International conventions
- Human rights
- Environmental principles
- Treaty implementation
- International obligations
- Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law
Important International Treaties and Conventions
Major instruments relevant to International Law studies include:
- Charter of the United Nations, 1945
- Statute of the International Court of Justice
- Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961
- Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969
- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966
- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966
- Geneva Conventions, 1949
- Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998
- Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989
- CEDAW, 1979
- Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992
- UNFCCC, 1992
- Paris Agreement, 2015
- Chicago Convention, 1944
- Outer Space Treaty, 1967
International Law Exam Preparation
For examinations, students should prepare the subject at three levels.
1. Conceptual Preparation
Understand:
- Definitions
- Theories
- Principles
- Doctrines
- Legal rules
- Differences between related concepts
2. Case-Law Preparation
For important cases, remember:
Facts + Issue + Decision + Principle
3. Answer-Writing Preparation
A well-structured International Law answer can generally follow:
Introduction → Definition → Legal Basis → Explanation → Principles → Treaty/Provision → Case Law → Indian Position, where relevant → Conclusion
This approach helps students move beyond simple memorization and demonstrate legal reasoning.
Important Short-Note Topics
Students should prepare short notes on:
- Opinio Juris
- Jus Cogens
- Erga Omnes
- Pacta Sunt Servanda
- Persistent Objector
- Recognition
- De facto recognition
- De jure recognition
- State immunity
- Diplomatic immunity
- Universal jurisdiction
- Non-intervention
- Self-determination
- Territorial sovereignty
- Extradition
- Asylum
- Non-refoulement
- EEZ
- Continental shelf
- High seas
- Innocent passage
- Piracy
- Five Freedoms of the Air
- Treaty reservations
- Rebus sic stantibus
- ICJ advisory jurisdiction
- Security Council veto
- UN peacekeeping
- Complementarity
- Sustainable development
- Precautionary principle
International Law Notes for 3-Year LL.B. and 5-Year B.A. LL.B.
This International Law resource is designed to provide a common master framework for law students studying Public International Law.
The exact syllabus can vary considerably between universities. Some institutions may emphasize traditional Public International Law, while others may additionally include areas such as Human Rights, International Humanitarian Law, International Criminal Law, Environmental Law, Economic Law, Air Law, Space Law or Disarmament.
Therefore, this page should be treated as a comprehensive study hub, while individual detailed notes can be mapped to specific university syllabi.
Explore Detailed International Law Notes
Students can explore individual topics through the following sections:
- Introduction to International Law
- Sources of International Law
- International Law and Municipal Law
- Subjects of International Law
- Statehood and Recognition
- State Succession
- State Responsibility
- Intervention and Use of Force
- State Territory
- State Jurisdiction
- Nationality and Statelessness
- Treatment of Aliens
- Extradition and Asylum
- Diplomatic and Consular Law
- Law of Treaties
- Law of the Sea
- International Air Law
- International Space Law
- International Organizations
- United Nations
- International Court of Justice
- Settlement of International Disputes
- International Human Rights Law
- International Humanitarian Law
- International Criminal Law
- International Environmental Law
- International Economic Law
- Disarmament and Arms Control
- Contemporary International Law
Frequently Asked Questions
What are International Law Notes?
International Law Notes are structured study materials explaining the concepts, principles, sources, treaties, cases, institutions and contemporary developments of International Law.
Are these notes useful for 3-Year LL.B. students?
Yes. The material is structured around the major areas commonly taught in Public International Law courses in 3-Year LL.B. programmes.
What are the main sources of International Law?
The traditional sources are identified in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice and include international conventions, international custom and general principles of law, with judicial decisions and scholarly writings serving as subsidiary means for determining rules of law.
What is the difference between International Law and Municipal Law?
International Law governs legal relations within the international legal system, whereas Municipal Law refers to the domestic legal system of an individual State. The relationship between the two is commonly examined through theories such as monism and dualism.
What are the most important topics in International Law?
Important examination areas include sources of International Law, Statehood and recognition, State territory, jurisdiction, State responsibility, nationality, extradition and asylum, diplomatic immunity, treaties, Law of the Sea, United Nations, ICJ and peaceful settlement of disputes.
Why is case law important in International Law?
International judicial decisions help explain how international legal rules and principles are interpreted and applied. Important cases are therefore frequently used to support answers in university examinations.
Does every university follow the same International Law syllabus?
No. The number of units, terminology and additional topics can differ among universities. Students should always consult their current university syllabus alongside these notes.
Academic Disclaimer
The International Law material published by AspirixWriters is intended for educational and academic purposes. International treaties, judicial decisions, institutional rules and national laws may develop over time, and university syllabi may differ.
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