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Supreme Court judicial service practice requirement

Supreme Court Reduces Judicial Service Practice Requirement to 1 Year: Major Relief for Judiciary Aspirants

Supreme Court Reduces Judicial Service Practice Requirement The Supreme Court of India has changed the rules governing direct recruitment to the post of Civil Judge (Junior Division). In its latest review decision, the Court has reduced the earlier three-year legal practice requirement to one year for judicial service examinations notified from April 1, 2027 onward.

General Defences in Law of Torts — General Exceptions | LL.B. Notes

General Defences in Law of Torts LLB Notes – Law of Torts Introduction– General Defences to Liability in Torts In the Law of Torts, a person who commits a wrongful act that causes legally recognised injury may ordinarily be held liable. However, liability is not absolute in every case. There are certain circumstances in which

Scholarships 2026–27: Government, Private & International Scholarships for Indian Students

Finding the right scholarship can significantly reduce the cost of higher education. But scholarship information changes frequently—application dates, eligibility rules, funding amounts and even whether a scheme is open can change from one academic year to another. This guide brings together verified scholarship opportunities for Indian students for 2026–27, including government scholarships, UGC and AICTE

Mental Elements — Intention, Motive, Malice and Fault in Tort

Intention, Motive, Malice and Fault in Tort 1. Introduction When studying the mental elements in tort law, an important question arises: Does a person have to intend the wrongful act or the resulting harm to be liable in tort? The answer is no, not in every tort. Tort law does not follow one universal rule

Tort and Other Civil Wrongs — LL.B. Notes

Tort and Other Civil Wrongs A tort is a civil wrong arising from the breach of a legal duty that is generally imposed by law and for which the law provides a remedy. However, tort is only one category of legal wrong. A similar-looking dispute may instead involve: Understanding these distinctions is important because the

Essential Elements of Tortious Liability Law of Torts LLB Notes

Essential Elements of Tortious Liability the traditional foundation of tortious liability can be understood through three broad essentials: These three should be understood together. A mere act, mere loss, or mere feeling of injustice does not automatically create tortious liability. 1. Wrongful Act or Omission Meaning The first essential of tortious liability is that the

Is It “Law of Tort” or “Law of Torts”?

Is It “Law of Tort” or “Law of Torts”? – the foundation of tortious liability Law of Torts — Meaning and Definition of Tort LLB Notes The expressions “Law of Tort” and “Law of Torts” reflect an important jurisprudential debate about the foundation of tortious liability. The question is not merely whether the word should

Law of Torts — Meaning and Definition of Tort LLB Notes

Law of Torts — Meaning and Definition of Tort 1. Introduction The Law of Torts is an important branch of civil law. Law of Torts is civil substantive Law, It deals with civil wrongs for which the law provides remedies. A person may suffer injury to his: When such an interest is wrongfully interfered with,

Best AI Tools in 2026: I Tested, Researched & Compared the AI Tools Worth Using

Last Updated: August 2026 Best AI Tools in 2026 There are thousands of AI tools available today. The difficult part is no longer finding an AI tool—it is deciding which one is actually worth using. I have used and explored a number of AI tools in my own writing, research, content development and professional workflows.

Article 12 — Definition of “State” Constitution of India

Article 12 of the Indian Constitution Subject: Constitutional Law | Module: Fundamental Rights — 1. Introduction – Article 12 — Definition of “State” Fundamental Rights in Part III are, for the most part, guarantees enforceable against the State — so before a citizen can claim a violation of, say, Article 14 or Article 19, one

Citizenship Under the Indian Constitution (Articles 5–11)

Subject: Constitutional Law | Module: Citizenship | 1. Introduction Before anyone can claim a Fundamental Right reserved for “citizens,” or vote, or hold public office, one threshold question has to be answered: is this person a citizen of India? Part II of the Constitution — Articles 5 to 11 — answers this only for the

Salient Features of the Constitution of India

Salient Features of the Indian Constitution Subject: Constitutional Law | Module: Constitutional Foundations | 1. Introduction Before studying individual Articles, every LL.B. student needs a bird’s-eye view of what kind of constitutional document India adopted. This note surveys the defining characteristics of the Constitution of India — its length, its blend of rigidity and flexibility,

The Preamble to the Constitution of India

Subject: Constitutional Law | Module: Constitutional Foundations | for: 3-Year LL.B. and 5-Year Integrated LL.B. (BA LL.B. / BBA LL.B. / B.Com LL.B.) students 1. Introduction of Preamble to the Constitution of India The Preamble is the opening statement of the Constitution of India — a single sentence that announces what kind of State India

Introduction to the constitution of India Introduction-to-the-constitution-of-India, History of India and Articles 1-4

Introduction to the Constitution of India — Articles 1 to 4 Notes for LL.B.

Constitution Of India Introduction to the Constitution of India — Historical Background and the Union and Its Territory (Articles 1–4) Subject: Constitutional Law | Module: Constitutional Foundations | Suitable for: 3-Year LL.B. and 5-Year Integrated LL.B. (BA LL.B. / BBA LL.B. / B.Com LL.B.) students 1. Introduction Every study of Indian Constitutional Law begins with